Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
type: channel
description: Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology is a refereed journal dedicated to the publication of high-quality papers providing the latest and outstanding information in all areas of Mechanical Engineering. It provides the authoritative settings for researchers and scholars worldwide to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of Mechanical Engineering.
publisher: Zeal Press
language: en
publication name: Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
issn: 2409-9848
items: Mixed Mode Fracture Mechanics and Crack Growth Analysis in Steam Turbine Discs for Remaining Life Assessment under Thermal Stresses and Mechanical Loading
items: Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Tool Geometry on Multi-Point Forming Process
items: Magnesium Reagents in the Synthesis of Magnesium Self-Lubricating Coatings
items: CFD Analysis on the Dynamic Behaviour of Pivot Point for a KCS During Ship Turning Manoeuvre in Waves
items: Study of the Possibility of Increasing the Survivability of Quadcopters Under External Influences
items: An Optimum Design for Laminated Steel Leaf Springs
items: Thermal Fluid and Chemical Analysis of Ionized Air Test Injection for Cold Start Emission Mitigation
items: Triboresistance of Composite Nanocoatings Based on Magnesium Compounds at Elevated Temperatures
items: Mechanical Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fibres using Sandwich Structures Under Bending
items: A Statistical Methodology of Cyclic Plasticity Inhomogeneity at Grain Scale
items: Single-Layer 79 GHz Microstrip Patch Array for All-Weather Automotive Radar
items: Application of Wave Technologies for the Preparation of Fuels Containing Organic Waste Pyrolysis Products
items: Wear Resistance of Amorphous-Crystalline Coatings Under Boundary Friction
items: Self-Organization of Surface Structures during Friction Coatings Based on Forsterite
items: Development of Control Method for Abration and Evaluation of Electrocautery Device Controller
items: The Correlation Between Wear and Lubricating Film Thickness in the Tribocorrosion of CoCrMo Alloy
items: Effective Technologies for Finishing and Cleaning Processing: Innovations Based on Screw Rotors
items: Numerical Simulation of the Multi-Roller Skew Tandem Rolling of Unequal Wall Thickness Hollow Stepped Shafts
items: Application of Anal Manometry in the Planning for Anal Fistula Surgery
items: Experimental Investigation of Oil Film Variation in Finite Line Contact Under Intermittent Motion
items: A Flow Structure Interaction Method for Towed Cable System
items: Remarks on Solving Methods of Nonlinear Equations
items: Vibro-Acoustic Analysis of an Underwater Cylindrical Shell with Internal Structures and a Comparison with Experiment
items: Constructions of Toroidal Screw Drums
items: Mathematical Model of Anal Canal for Anal Fistula Surgery
items: A High Precison Phase Extraction Algorithm from a Single Shot Interferogram
items: Improving the Antifriction Behaviors of Steel by Hybrid Treatments of MoS2 and Surface Texture
items: Effect of Turning Angles on the Inflow Characteristics in a Waterjet Propulsion Pump
items: Vehicle Longitudinal Control with the Sliding Mode Method Considering Uncertainty of the Model
items: Profit-oriented High-speed Railway Network Line Planning with Capacity Limitations

Mixed Mode Fracture Mechanics and Crack Growth Analysis in Steam Turbine Discs for Remaining Life Assessment under Thermal Stresses and Mechanical Loading
type: item
description: The long‑term performance and structural integrity of steam‑turbine discs are strongly influenced by crack‑growth behavior under combined thermal stresses and mechanical loading. In this study, a comprehensive analytical framework based on finite element analysis (FEA), mixed‑mode fracture‑mechanics evaluation (Modes I, II, and III), and fatigue crack‑growth modeling using the Paris law is presented. The results indicate that Mode II plays the dominant role in the stress‑intensity distribution and crack‑growth behavior of the investigated turbine disc, while Modes I and III also contribute and cannot be neglected. Therefore, safety assessment based solely on Mode I analysis may lead to inaccurate evaluations of structural integrity. The calculated effective stress‑intensity factor was compared with the fracture toughness of 12Cr steel, showing that the turbine disc currently operates within a safe margin against instantaneous fracture; however, gradual fatigue crack growth under thermo‑mechanical loading conditions remains possible. The crack‑growth analysis further demonstrates that a significant portion of the fatigue life is spent during the stable slow‑growth phase as the crack propagates from small initial sizes to intermediate lengths. The proposed fracture‑mechanics‑based approach provides a reliable tool for condition monitoring, inspection planning, and remaining‑life assessment of steam‑turbine discs, thereby contributing to improved operational safety and maintenance decision‑making.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fracture mechanics
  topic: keywords
subject: Crack growth
  topic: keywords
subject: Turbine
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite element method (FEM)
  topic: keywords
subject: Heat transfer
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Farahi
creator: Arina Agharafiee
creator: Amir Mahdi Ebrahimi
creator: Omid Ashkani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-09-03
publication date: 2026-09-03
starting page: 64
ending page: 78
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2026.13.06

Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Tool Geometry on Multi-Point Forming Process
type: item
description: Metal forming is an essential technique for manufacturing of lightweight components that offer enhanced energy efficiency, functionality, and sustainability. This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the influence of forming tool geometry on the quality and performance of the multi-point forming (MPF) process. Finite element simulations were employed to systematically evaluate the effects of geometric tool design variables, namely, tip geometry, shank configuration, and tip structure (solid or hollow) on the predicted forming performance responses, namely, wrinkling behavior, springback displacement, and thickness variation. The numerical results show that the parabolic and elliptical tip geometries prove superior forming performance by effectively suppressing wrinkling and minimizing springback while hemispherical and spherical tips result in increased wrinkling susceptibility and higher residual elastic stresses. Moreover, the inclined shank configuration leads to higher wrinkling and springback compared to other shank configurations. Solid tip structures induce higher wrinkling levels and springback compared to hollow tips. In addition, thickness uniformity is markedly improved when smooth tool profiles such as flat-end, elliptical, and rounded hemispherical geometries are employed. In contrast, the combined use of a hemispherical tip with a square section and an inclined shank results in the most pronounced thickness variation. Furthermore, solid tip designs generally promote a more uniform thickness distribution across the blank, whereas hollow tips exhibit a greater tendency toward localized thinning. Ultimately, the optimal MPF tool configuration consists of a parabolic or elliptical tip geometry combined with a hollow tip and a straight shank configuration, as it presents the best compromise for minimizing wrinkling and springback while maintaining acceptable thickness distribution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wrinkling
  topic: keywords
subject: Springback
  topic: keywords
subject: Thickness
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite element simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sheet metal
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-point forming
  topic: keywords
creator: Aws Khalid Ibrahim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2026-07-25
publication date: 2026-07-25
starting page: 42
ending page: 63
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2026.13.05

Magnesium Reagents in the Synthesis of Magnesium Self-Lubricating Coatings
type: item
description: The results of studies of friction and wear of detonation composite coatings based on ternary magnesium boride under constant load over a range of sliding speeds are presented. Their structural and phase composition and the complex of surface oxide structures were determined using modern physical analysis methods. It has been established that the minimization of wear intensity and friction coefficients is due to the formation of a set of surface structures capable of regenerating a stable self-lubricating structured layer under friction conditions due to the ternary additive interaction of carbide graphite, complex oxide structures, and active aluminum- magnesium-boron compounds. Factors influencing the formation and maintenance of the dynamic level of the self-lubricating layer have been identified as a multiscale surface interaction phenomenon with an effective capacity for self-renewal and self-regulation. At the same time, the continuous protective layer of surface structures shields the adhesive-molecular interaction of contact combinations and blocks the development of unacceptable failure processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Oxide structures
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbide graphite
  topic: keywords
subject: Wear, Interlayer
  topic: keywords
subject: Phase composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-lubrication
  topic: keywords
subject: Physical analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: V.V. Shchepetov
creator: N.M. Fialko
creator: S.S. Bys
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 35
ending page: 41
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2026.13.04

CFD Analysis on the Dynamic Behaviour of Pivot Point for a KCS During Ship Turning Manoeuvre in Waves
type: item
description: A comprehensive grasp of vessel manoeuvring characteristics is indispensable for ensuring precise handling and maritime safety. In practice, for Masters and Pilots, an intuitive understanding of the ship's rotational centre—the pivot point—is often more critical than merely fulfilling performance metrics. This study systematically investigated the dynamic migration of the pivot point for a KCS vessel under various wave conditions (initial direction, length, and height), addressing a topic relatively overlooked in conventional manoeuvring studies. The research methodology employed a high-fidelity URANS approach combined with a dynamic overset grid method to simulate 6-DOF turning circle manoeuvres. Through numerical analysis, stable pivot point behaviour under general sea conditions was confirmed, while non-linear and abrupt positional shifts under critical threshold conditions were quantitatively identified. Notably, the results numerically demonstrated that the pivot point migrated sharply beyond the bow boundary under extreme wave heights or when encountering short waves in quartering sea. This finding confirms that the pivot point is dynamically repositioned by changes in hydrodynamic moments driven by sway and yaw motions. These findings serve as a practical reference for operators to pre-emptively recognize and respond to changes in rudder effectiveness and turning moments when manoeuvring in adverse weather conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pivot point
  topic: keywords
subject: Dynamic behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Manoeuvrability in waves
  topic: keywords
subject: Computational Fluid Dynamics
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-series analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Operational perspective
  topic: keywords
subject: KCS
  topic: keywords
creator: Jongyoon Kim
creator: Seungcheol Kwon
creator: Minkyu Kim
creator: Jiung Choi
creator: Jong-youp Baek
creator: Gil-young Kong
creator: Soonseok Song
creator: Daejeong Kim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: 20
ending page: 34
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2026.13.03

Study of the Possibility of Increasing the Survivability of Quadcopters Under External Influences
type: item
description: When operating quadcopters (QC), situations arise such as unauthorized intersections of flight paths with flocks of birds and aircraft, physical obstacles along the flight path, and areas with elevated electromagnetic fields. These situations can lead to the QC's destruction. To increase the QC's survivability in such situations, an additional propulsion system (APS) can be installed, allowing for rapid changes in trajectory and flight coordinates. The difficulty in implementing this design solution lies in synchronizing the operation of the main and auxiliary engines. To address this issue, research was conducted and a control system (CS) was developed that synchronizes the engines when the APS is activated, quickly removing the QC from the zone of adverse external influences and maintaining controllability during the rest of the flight.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quadcopter
  topic: keywords
subject: Quadcopter control system
  topic: keywords
subject: Increasing quadcopter survivability
  topic: keywords
subject: Quadcopter survivability
  topic: keywords
creator: Igor Grishnyaev
creator: Vladimir Sleptsov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-04-14
publication date: 2026-04-14
starting page: 9
ending page: 19
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2026.13.02

An Optimum Design for Laminated Steel Leaf Springs
type: item
description: This study presents an optimum design methodology for laminated semi-elliptic steel leaf springs used in vehicle suspension systems, with the primary objective of minimizing spring weight while satisfying structural, geometric, and dynamic requirements. Analytical expressions for bending stress, mid-span deflection, stiffness, and natural frequency are derived based on classical beam theory and expressed in non-dimensional form to enable a generalized and systematic optimization framework. The design variables considered include strip thickness, strip width, and number of leaves, while constraints are imposed on allowable bending stress, maximum deflection, bounded geometry, and natural frequency to ensure structural safety and acceptable ride comfort. The resulting nonlinear optimization problem is solved using MATLAB for a carbon steel (AISI 1020) leaf spring subjected to a specified vertical load. The optimized design consists of four steel strips with a width of approximately 75 mm and a thickness of about 7.5 mm, yielding a total spring weight of approximately 19 kg. The results demonstrate that significant weight reduction can be achieved without compromising stress limits, deflection requirements, or dynamic performance. The proposed methodology provides a reliable and efficient tool for the optimal design of steel laminated leaf springs and can be extended to other materials, loading conditions, and vehicle applications. The results obtained from this study have been compared with available numerical results obtained by FEA and a good agreement is aobtained.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Leaf spring
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimal design
  topic: keywords
subject: Weight minimization
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural frequency
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural constraints
  topic: keywords
creator: Badr Bedairi
creator: Sultan Alqash
creator: Badr Azzam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2026-02-08
publication date: 2026-02-08
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2026.13.01

Thermal Fluid and Chemical Analysis of Ionized Air Test Injection for Cold Start Emission Mitigation
type: item
description: The cold start period of an internal combustion engine (ICE) is a dominant source of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This paper analyzes an innovative ejector system for distributing ionized air directly into the exhaust system to accelerate pollutant oxidation. Analytical results demonstrate that the system achieves an ejection ratio ω = 0.187 at an exhaust temperature of 450 K, while a 180 W heater provides the necessary thermal compensation to maintain the mixture temperature above the 380 K activation threshold. Experimental validation confirmed that ionized air initiates low-temperature oxidation (afterburning), evidenced by a 5.0% vol. increase in CO2 concentration. This synergistic fluid-thermal and chemical strategy reduces the catalyst’s critical inactivity period from 120 s to 85 s, offering highly efficient method for meeting stringent emission regulations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ionized air
  topic: keywords
subject: Cold start
  topic: keywords
subject: Ejector ratio
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-thermal activation
  topic: keywords
subject: Emission
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxidation
  topic: keywords
creator: Izudin Delić
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27
starting page: 51
ending page: 59
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.07

Triboresistance of Composite Nanocoatings Based on Magnesium Compounds at Elevated Temperatures
type: item
description: The results of the study of the wear characteristics of detonation composite nanocoatings based on magnesium orthosilicate under conditions of high-temperature friction under constant load in the field of sliding speeds, on the surface of which stable antifriction structures are formed under conditions of elevated temperatures, are presented. The structural-phase composition of the coatings was determined by methods of modern physical analysis and the complex of high-temperature compounds of the surface layers was determined. The developed and studied coatings have high and stable antifriction properties. It was determined that the antifriction property under friction loading is due to the self-ordering of surface high-temperature oxide and oxygen-free structures, which are characterized by low shear resistance and work as solid lubricants that modify the contact surfaces and prevent damage to moving joints.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Composite coatings
  topic: keywords
subject: Wear intensity
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural-phase composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Oxide structures
  topic: keywords
subject: Solid lubricants
  topic: keywords
creator: V.V. Shchepetov
creator: N.M. Fialko
creator: S.S. Bys
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-03
publication date: 2025-10-03
starting page: 45
ending page: 50
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.06

Mechanical Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Fibres using Sandwich Structures Under Bending
type: item
description: Fibre-reinforced sandwich panels are a well stablished design solution for applications that require high stiffness and low weight, but the high cost and enviromental impact of synthetic fibres have prompted the research for sustainable alternatives, such as natural fibres. While they offer potential for cost reduction and environmental sustaintalibity, their mechanical properties may compromise structural reliability. In this context, this work compares the equivalent stiffness of different composite sandwich panels under bending, using carbon, glass, linen, jute and cotton fibres as reinforcement. The specimens were produced using the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding (VARTM) and tested under four point bending conditions. Analytical methods were used for mechanical characterization, followed by Finite Element Method (FEM) validation. The results show that carbon fibre yields a greater stiffness-to-weight ratios followed by glass, jute, linen and cotton fibres. Sandwich panels with natural fibres reinforcement showed relative bending performances ranging from 19% to 35% of the carbon fibre ones.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Composite Materials
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Fibres
  topic: keywords
subject: Sandwich Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite Element Method
  topic: keywords
creator: João Alberto Günther Neto
creator: Wellinton Cabral Scheffer
creator: Felipe Ruivo Fuga
creator: Ricardo De Medeiros
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 34
ending page: 44
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.05

A Statistical Methodology of Cyclic Plasticity Inhomogeneity at Grain Scale
type: item
description: The inhomogeneous plastic deformation has important effects on the manufacturing process and the fatigue property of mechanical products. To directly and correctly evaluate the deformation inhomogeneity of grain scale under cyclic loading, a statistical method is proposed and named as the normalized standard deviation. The method is comprised of the following steps: (1) Construct a representative volume element (RVE) of polycrystalline by Voronoi tessellation and electron backscatter diffraction, and calculate the grain strain by a constitutive model of crystal cyclical plasticity. (2) Deal with grain strain data of RVE by Min-max normalization method. (3) Compute the standard deviation of the normalized data as the identification of mesoscopic inhomogeneity. In order to validate the proposed normalized standard deviation, the contrastive analyses with the strain contours, the weighted standard deviation and the coefficient of variation are conducted at the same conditions of cyclic loading. The results demonstrated that the normalized standard deviation was the best as the indication of cyclic plasticity inhomogeneity among the above methods.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strain cycle
  topic: keywords
subject: Strain inhomogeneity
  topic: keywords
subject: Crystal plasticity
  topic: keywords
subject: RVE model
  topic: keywords
creator: Zhanguang Zheng
creator: Kaiming Wan
creator: Tao Xu
creator: Liping Jiang
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 25
ending page: 33
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.04

Single-Layer 79 GHz Microstrip Patch Array for All-Weather Automotive Radar
type: item
description: Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) demand radar sensors that combine centimetre-level resolution, wide angular coverage, and all-weather reliability, yet must fit behind a plastic bumper at automotive cost. This study meets that challenge with a fully self-contained 79 GHz front-end fabricated on a single-layer RO3003 printed-circuit board. Closed-form cavity models, applied from first principles, yield patch dimensions without iterative tuning. Sixteen patches arranged in a 4 × 4 half-wavelength array deliver 16 dBi broadside gain, 3.2 GHz (−10 dB) impedance bandwidth, and a 33° half-power beam-width, thereby covering the entire 76–81 GHz allocation. Solving the radar-range equation shows that even under 8 dB km⁻¹ heavy-rain attenuation the sedan detection limit contracts by only 2 m (51 m → 49 m), while motorcycle and pedestrian ranges are virtually unaffected. To our knowledge, this is the first single-layer PCB radar front-end to achieve such performance without empirical tuning, and it offers a clear upgrade path toward imaging radar and highway ACC.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: 79 GHz automotive radar
  topic: keywords
subject: Single-layer microstrip array
  topic: keywords
subject: Rain attenuation
  topic: keywords
subject: ADAS sensing
  topic: keywords
creator: Shih-Lin Lin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 18
ending page: 24
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.03

Application of Wave Technologies for the Preparation of Fuels Containing Organic Waste Pyrolysis Products
type: item
description: Products of fast pyrolysis of organic materials (bio-oil) have such advantages as ease of storage and transportation, production from renewable raw materials, but have not yet found wide application as motor and boiler fuels. The article describes the results of research aimed at obtaining such fuel containing petroleum fuel oil and bio-oil as the main components. Direct mixing of these components is a difficult task due to their chemical incompatibility. Its solution required the development of technology and devices, which was the purpose of the presented research results. The research methodology was based on mathematical modeling of the processes of mixing fuel components, analysis of its results, their transfer to natural samples and their experimental study. As a result, a technology and design of mixers were developed that made it possible to obtain a stable mixed fuel containing fuel oil and bio-oil in the following proportions of the mass ratio up to 50:50. The obtained results confirmed the correctness of the chosen approach, which made it possible to develop new technology and equipment to achieve the stated research goal.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Motor fuels
  topic: keywords
subject: Blended fuels
  topic: keywords
subject: Biofuels
  topic: keywords
subject: Wave technologies
  topic: keywords
creator: Igor Grishnyaev
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 8
ending page: 17
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.02

Wear Resistance of Amorphous-Crystalline Coatings Under Boundary Friction
type: item
description: The results of tests under boundary friction conditions are present detonation coatings Zr-Al-B in a wide range of changes in friction conditions. The obtained results were compared with the parallel tested coatings based on tungsten carbide type WK-15, also with samples of 30HGSNA steel and BrOCS6-6-3 bronze. The qualitative and quantitative composition of surface layers participating in boundary friction conditions was assessed using modern physical methods of analysis. Profilograms and microphotographs of friction surfaces of amorphous-crystalline coatings are presented, showing that under boundary friction conditions, coating samples are smoothed, which leads to a decrease in roughness. Installed the presence of the formation of solid solutions of oxygen interstitialization in zirconium, which corresponds to the formation of secondary structures of the first type on friction surfaces, the characteristic feature of which is their surface localization, ultra-dispersed structure, the ability to minimize destruction and screen unacceptable adhesive phenomena. Using Auger electron microscopy, it was confirmed that oxygen completely replaces sulfur in surface structures. It is shown that the studied detonation coatings Zr-Al-B, developed for practice, have high tribotechnical characteristics in the entire range of tests under boundary friction conditions. At the same time, as a result of studies of the mechanism of tribochemical transformations of hydrocarbons and the properties of transformed surface films, it was established that they retain lubricating properties and provide high antifriction characteristics of the friction system in the entire wide range of changes in boundary friction conditions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Boundary friction
  topic: keywords
subject: Detonation coating
  topic: keywords
subject: Wear
  topic: keywords
subject: Adsorption layer
  topic: keywords
subject: Boundary lubrication
  topic: keywords
subject: Surface activation
  topic: keywords
creator: V.V. Shchepetov
creator: N.M. Fialko
creator: S.S. Bys
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Modern Mechanical Engineering and Technology
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 7
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2025.12.01

Self-Organization of Surface Structures during Friction Coatings Based on Forsterite
type: item
description: In the work, the patterns of friction and wear of forsterite-based coatings were studied, and their structural-phase composition, conditions of formation and self-regulation of surface structures were determined from the standpoint of the structural-energy theory of friction. Detonation coatings developed on the basis of forsterite are characterized by high anti-friction properties. The conducted studies showed that the most appropriate application of the investigated coatings is to increase the reliability of operation of friction nodes during strengthening and restoration, for example, for moving pairs of control mechanisms, hinges of guide surfaces, cams, sliding supports, pairs with reciprocating movement, bearings, sliding guides, etc. in which the use of traditional lubricants is undesirable. Compounds of complex oxides of magnesium orthosilicate were used as the basis of composite coatings. The structural and phase composition of the coatings, the peculiarities of the formation of complex alloyed secondary structures, taking into account both the properties of the alloying elements and the structures formed by them, were established. The physical mechanism was determined and the main factors determining the level of thermodynamic graphitization were clarified. The studied self-lubricating compositions can be used both for strengthening and for high-quality restoration of worn triboelements by any technological methods using powder materials.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Detonation coating
  topic: keywords
subject: Wear intensity
  topic: keywords
subject: Structural-phase composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Graphitization
  topic: keywords
creator: V.V. Shchepetov
creator: N.M. Fialko
creator: S.S. Bys
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 78
ending page: 84
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.09

Development of Control Method for Abration and Evaluation of Electrocautery Device Controller
type: item
description: The symmetrical impedance bridge, will be suggested to yield consistent and reliable results for measuring tissue damage during electrosurgical ablation. The methods that were identified as potentially viable for ablation detection were force and displacement measurements between the electrode tip and tissue surface. These were found to correlate tissue damage due to a high degree of variability in charge density caused by contact area variation. Another method, temperature measurement via thermistors, will be found to have a response time and a non-contact method will be examined with the size constraints. The last method will be to measure and correlate changes in the power output of the ESU to tissue damage. This method will be practically examined to measure and correlate to tissue damage due to ESU power output modulation. The changes in the tissue's electrical properties can be measured directly far more easily than measuring the power output. Correlation with tissue damage tended to be strong with an error range below what can be detectable by the human eye. But the high degree of variability in the mechanical properties of tissue makes the use of force and displacement measurements difficult to implement as part of a control method for ablation control.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electrocautery
  topic: keywords
subject: Polyp
  topic: keywords
subject: Biopsy Forceps
  topic: keywords
subject: Colonoscope
  topic: keywords
creator: JungHun Choi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 68
ending page: 77
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.08

The Correlation Between Wear and Lubricating Film Thickness in the Tribocorrosion of CoCrMo Alloy
type: item
description: Tribocorrosion modelling of passive metals considering the lubrication effect from solution is still not well studied. A lubricated tribocorrosion model for CoCrMo alloy metal-on-metal hip joints has been developed, while the generalization of this model is restricted by Dowson’s empirical correlation. This study explored the correlation between wear of CoCrMo alloy in tribocorrosion and lubricating film thickness. The results showed that the chemical, mechanical and total wear volumes of CoCrMo alloy in tribocorrosion were significantly influenced by the lubrication effect from the solution. Good correlations were obtained between the lubricating film thickness and chemical, mechanical and total wear, respectively. The new chemical and mechanical wear correlations could be used to generalize the current lubricated tribocorrosion model for CoCrMo alloy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CoCrMo alloy
  topic: keywords
subject: Tribocorrosion
  topic: keywords
subject: Lubrication
  topic: keywords
subject: Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Film thickness
  topic: keywords
creator: Jinyu Li
creator: Shoufan Cao
creator: Zhanpeng Yang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 62
ending page: 67
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.07

Effective Technologies for Finishing and Cleaning Processing: Innovations Based on Screw Rotors
type: item
description: The results of many years of scientific research in the development of machines, installations, and devices for finishing and cleaning processing of machine parts are presented. Typical diagrams of machines based on screw rotors of classes I-IV are included, along with the types of finishing and cleaning operations performed by screw rotors, requirements for the parts being processed, the processing environments, and the composition of solutions used in the finishing and cleaning of components. Additionally, the methodology and calculations for a continuous operation setup designed for finishing and cleaning parts with specified productivity are demonstrated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Finishing and cleaning processing of parts
  topic: keywords
subject: Equipment
  topic: keywords
subject: Loading
  topic: keywords
subject: burrs
  topic: keywords
subject: Abrasive media
  topic: keywords
subject: Processing waste
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandr Sekisov
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 53
ending page: 61
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.06

Numerical Simulation of the Multi-Roller Skew Tandem Rolling of Unequal Wall Thickness Hollow Stepped Shafts
type: item
description: This paper proposes a multi-roll skew rolling forming process to address the slow forming speed of large-section shrinkage for aviation turbine shafts. Using Simufact Forming software, simulations were conducted on the GH4169 turbine shaft blank, analyzing the variations in stress, strain, and temperature fields during the forming process of a hollow shaft component with an initial wall thickness of 6mm. Additionally, we further explored the intrinsic relationship between the initial wall thickness and the depth of the concave center at the end of the workpiece. The results indicate that after multi-field coupling effects, the metal deformation of the workpiece gradually accumulates along the axial direction, reaching a peak after achieving the maximum reduction, while displaying a trend of decreasing from the outside to the inside. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the depth of the concave center at the end of the workpiece and the initial wall thickness; as the amount of metal involved in the deformation increases, the depth of the concave center also intensifies. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for achieving flexible rolling formation of turbine shafts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aviation turbine shaft
  topic: keywords
subject: Multi-roller skew tandem rolling
  topic: keywords
subject: Initial wall thickness
  topic: keywords
subject: Concavity depth
  topic: keywords
creator: Yexin Huang
creator: Xuedao Shu
creator: Song Zhang
creator: Zewei Cen
creator: Haijie Xu
creator: Zixuan Li
creator: Yingxiang Xia
creator: Pater Zbigniew
creator: Bulzak Tomasz
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 45
ending page: 52
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.05

Application of Anal Manometry in the Planning for Anal Fistula Surgery
type: item
description: Anal fistula does not heal spontaneously without surgery, and anal function should be preserved after muscle dissection, which is a challenge even to the most experienced surgeon. In order to develop a planner for anal fistula surgery, anal manometry used in the measurement of pressures in the anal canal to investigate the anal function is reviewed. In this review paper, current techniques are described and compared with each other, and technical and clinical challenges are discussed. There are four types of catheters used to measure anal sphincter pressure: water-perfused, solid-state, air-coupled, and fiber optic catheter. Parameters acquired by anal manometry and their relationship with fecal incontinence after anal fistula surgery are discussed. Vectormanometry can provide the pressure profile along the anal canal in three dimensional space, pressure vectorgram, and cross-sectional radial asymmetry, which have more advantages than the conventional method. Understanding the technology and development of anal manometry is critical for the anal fistula surgical planning. A novel design is highly desired for 3D pressure profile measurement along the entire anal canal simultaneously without pulling the catheter.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anal fistula
  topic: keywords
subject: Anal manometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Anal incontinence
  topic: keywords
creator: Xiaobin Wilson Gao
creator: Yufeng Zhou
creator: Charles B Tsang
creator: Aileen Seah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 34
ending page: 44
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.04

Experimental Investigation of Oil Film Variation in Finite Line Contact Under Intermittent Motion
type: item
description: The variation of oil film distribution in the line contact area of pin and disk was experimentally observed during a periodic intermittent motion. The study was conducted on a ball-disk optical interferometric test rig, with motion speed controlled by PLC programming. PAO40 oil was primarily used in the experiment, with the glass disk undergoing periodic motion of constant speed-deceleration-stop-acceleration, while the pin roller remained fixed. The results indicate that when the motion stops, a portion of the oil is entrapped in the center of the contact area. As the acceleration phase begins, this portion of the oil is gradually squeezed out of the contact area, and the oil film with lowest thickness at the entrance of the contact area moves towards the exit of the contact area, passing through the contact center. It can also be observed that during the entire process, an increase in speed increases the film thickness, while an increase in deceleration time, i.e., a decrease in deceleration, reduces the film thickness during the stop phase.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intermittent Motion
  topic: keywords
subject: Finite Line Contact
  topic: keywords
subject: EHL
  topic: keywords
subject: Optical Interference
  topic: keywords
creator: Haiping Li
creator: Xinqing Wang
creator: Haoyang Sun
creator: Jing Wang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 25
ending page: 33
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.03

A Flow Structure Interaction Method for Towed Cable System
type: item
description: Abstract: The ocean towed cable system is a classic example of fluid-structure interaction (FSI). This interaction can exhibit stability or oscillation between a highly deformable moving cable and the surrounding turbulent flow. However, in dynamic simulations of towed cable systems, a constant drag coefficient for an infinite circular cylinder is often used based on experimental data. An innovative fluid-structure interaction method is introduced to obtain accurate drag distribution along cable to couple with towed system dynamics. A modified nodal position finite element method (NPFEM) coupled with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach has been utilized to predict hydrodynamic forces along the cable. A data exchange algorithm has been developed specifically for fluid-structure interaction within the towed cable system where the cable profile is transferred to construct the flow domain while hydrodynamics is interpolated for NPFEM analysis. A topology partition around cable is applied. A multiblock grid is generated around cable. The simulation results of the fluid-structure interaction of the towing system are verified. This FSI scheme reveals how strongly hydrodynamics determine cable dynamics and induce vortex structure vibrations around a towed cable system. Parametrically controlled structured grid generation and their applicability for complex flow fields have also been discussed. Detailed descriptions of boundary layer separation evolution around spatially distributed cable are provided. This FSI scheme reveals a real strongly hydrodynamic determined cable dynamics and vortex structure induced vibrations around a towed cable system. The proposed method enhances predictive accuracy of the towed system dynamics response.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Towed Cable System
  topic: keywords
subject: Nodal Position Finite Element Method
  topic: keywords
subject: Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations
  topic: keywords
subject: Boundary Layer Separation
  topic: keywords
subject: Flow Structure Interaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Wang Zhi-bo
creator: Huang Shuai-yu
creator: Gu Jin-Jing
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 10
ending page: 24
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.02

Remarks on Solving Methods of Nonlinear Equations
type: item
description: Abstract: In the field of mechanical engineering, many practical problems can be converted into nonlinear problems, such as the meshing problem of mechanical transmission. So the solution of nonlinear equations has important theoretical research and practical application significance. Whether the traditional Newton iteration method or the intelligent optimization algorithm after the popularization of computers, both them have been greatly enriched and developed through the continuous in-depth research of scholars at home and abroad, and a series of improved algorithms have emerged. This paper mainly reviews the research status of solving nonlinear equations from two aspects of traditional iterative method and intelligent optimization algorithm, systematically reviews the research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars, and puts forward prospects for future research directions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nonlinear equations
  topic: keywords
subject: Iterative method
  topic: keywords
subject: Optimization method
  topic: keywords
subject: Intelligent algorithm
  topic: keywords
subject: The optimal solution
  topic: keywords
subject: Gear meshing
  topic: keywords
creator: Sha Huang
creator: Yaping Zhao
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2024.11.1

Vibro-Acoustic Analysis of an Underwater Cylindrical Shell with Internal Structures and a Comparison with Experiment
type: item
description: Abstract: In this work, the low-frequency vibration response and full-band acoustic radiation characteristics of an underwater reinforced cylindrical shell with internal structures are studied by combining the FEM with SEA. The stiffened cylindrical shell contains internal structures such as the F-shape plates and the support valve frames. The exciting sources have two different exciting forces corresponding to two experimental conditions. In the low-frequency band, the FEM was employed, and in the medium and high-frequency bands, the SEA was used. A comparison of the numerical results and the experiment shows that they agree well. The FEM and SEA give better results at [1,1k] Hz and [1k,10k] Hz, respectively. Due to mesh quality limitations, the FEM is not favorable for medium and high-frequency calculations. The SEA focuses on the structural mean power flow but cannot obtain position-specific vibrational responses. The results show that the internal excitation source mainly causes the structural vibration and sound radiation and are closely related to the free vibration characteristics of the structure. In addition, with the increase in frequency, the circumferential sound pressure level of the underwater structure has more substantial directivity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: FEM
  topic: keywords
subject: SEA
  topic: keywords
subject: Stiffened cylindrical shell
  topic: keywords
subject: Full band
  topic: keywords
subject: Vibration
  topic: keywords
subject: Acoustic
  topic: keywords
creator: Lei Chen
creator: Peng Li
creator: Haoran Chen
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 161
ending page: 176
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.15

Constructions of Toroidal Screw Drums
type: item
description: Abstract: Design solutions are presented for the implementation of working chambers in the form of relative toroidal screw drums, intended for the finishing treatment of components in the conditions of rotary-screw technological systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Screw drums
  topic: keywords
subject: Toroidal-screw
  topic: keywords
subject: Finishing treatment of components
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandr Sekisov
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 155
ending page: 160
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.14

Mathematical Model of Anal Canal for Anal Fistula Surgery
type: item
description: Abstract: Purpose: Surgery is necessary for the treatment of an anal fistula. However, excision of some sphincter muscle would compromise sphincter integrity or function, which is the cause of a reduced success rate in the long term. In order to develop an appropriate surgical plan, a mathematical model that describes the relationship between the internal pressure of the anal canal and the structure of anal sphincters is required. Methods: The anatomical structure of the anal canal and the corresponding sphincter pressure can be measured by endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) imaging and manometry, respectively. Length-tension relationships for skeletal and smooth muscles, two major components of the external and internal anal sphincter, respectively, were reviewed first. Results: Based on the information about the internal and external sphincters, two mathematical models, the thick-wall cylinder model and the two-layer model, have been created, from which the influence of complete or partial excision of the sphincter muscle can be estimated. Conclusions: The proposed thick-wall cylinder and two-layer models could describe the relationship between the internal anal canal pressure and the structure of anal sphincters, from which the influence of complete or partial excision of the sphincter muscle may be estimated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Anal fistula
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical model
  topic: keywords
subject: Skeletal muscle
  topic: keywords
subject: Smooth muscle
  topic: keywords
subject: Sphincter pressure
  topic: keywords
creator: Xiaobin Wilson Gao
creator: Yufeng Zhou
creator: Charles B Tsang
creator: Aileen Seah
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 145
ending page: 154
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.13

A High Precison Phase Extraction Algorithm from a Single Shot Interferogram
type: item
description: Abstract. Phase shifting interferometry is an optical metrology with a high precision, but it usually requires the expensive high precision phase shifter. Therefore, low cost methods of extracting phase from a single shot interferogram were very valuable, but available algorithms are usually effective only in a limited conditions. To solve these problems, a novel method is presented in this work. Based on this method, the interference fringe is retrieved to a wrapped phase and divided into different regions and the index of the pixel is calculated. The pixels in the same region have the same parity and the PSF’s gravity center of part wavefront so as to solve the sign ambiguity. The theoretical simulation results indicate that the PV of wavefront error is 0.00054λ and the rms is 0.000125λ,which is much better than the results from the Fast Fourier Transformation method. The experimentally measured interferogram is also used to validate the method. It has the advantages of simplicity, high precision and effective for both open and closed interferometer fringes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interferometer
  topic: keywords
subject: Wavefront measurement
  topic: keywords
creator: Lifa Hu
creator: Wen Shen
creator: Wenchao Ma
creator: Dongting Hu
creator: Xinyu Liu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 138
ending page: 144
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.12

Improving the Antifriction Behaviors of Steel by Hybrid Treatments of MoS2 and Surface Texture
type: item
description: Abstract: In the present paper, the composite coatings with MoS2 and graphite in the epoxy resin were deposited on the textured surface of steel by laser and wire-electrode cutting technology to improve the anti-friction behaviors of the steel. The influences of the content of MoS2 and graphite and the types of surface texture on the anti-friction behavior were studied systematically. The experimental results show that the textured specimens with 1 mm space line and pentagon shape pore exhibit low friction behaviors under dry friction. CoF (coefficient of friction) of the pore and line textured with high content of MoS2 and graphite is reduced by 27.7% and 42.3% under dry friction and by 30.0% and 33.3% under starved lubrication, respectively. CoF of the texture and coating duplex-treated steel is much lower than that of the untreated steel due to the solid lubrication of MoS2 and graphite under dry friction. The possible antifriction and antiwear mechanism is discussed. It is concluded that the duplex-treated steel with the texture and coating exhibits good anti-friction behaviors and the composite coatings with solid lubricant are beneficial to improve the tribological properties of steel under starved and dry friction testing conditions. It is shown that hybrid surface treatment with the texture and solid lubricant coating is an effective way to improve the tribological properties of steel. Solid lubricant coatings deposited on the textured surface can be applied to improve the antifriction behaviors of steel under starved lubrication and dry friction.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Surface texture
  topic: keywords
subject: MoS2
  topic: keywords
subject: Graphite
  topic: keywords
subject: Antifriction behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Qunfeng Zeng
creator: Lili Zhu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 128
ending page: 137
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.11

Effect of Turning Angles on the Inflow Characteristics in a Waterjet Propulsion Pump
type: item
description: Abstract: To study the influence of turning maneuvering navigation angle on the inflow characteristics of water jet propulsion pumps, numerical simulations were conducted on mixed flow water jet propulsion pumps under straight and left and right 15 °/30 ° turning navigation states. By comparing the hydraulic performance differences of water jet propulsion pumps under five navigation states, the intrinsic relationship between turning angle and pump inflow morphology was elucidated, and the evolution mechanism of pump inflow morphology under straight navigation and turning conditions was emphasized, and conduct quantitative analysis on the inflow quality. The research results of this article provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate operating angles for ships under turning maneuvers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Waterjet propulsion pump
  topic: keywords
subject: Turning angles
  topic: keywords
subject: Inflow characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: CFD
  topic: keywords
creator: Wei Li
creator: Shuo Li
creator: Leilei Ji
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 124
ending page: 127
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.10

Vehicle Longitudinal Control with the Sliding Mode Method Considering Uncertainty of the Model
type: item
description: Abstract: In this paper, the control algorithm for longitudinal control of a passenger car that is moving on the highway and urban traffic is provided. Longitudinal dynamic equation including resisting forces acting on the vehicle presented and structural and non-structural uncertainties in the model are investigated. To control the speed of vehicles on the highway and vehicle distance control in city traffic, vehicle longitudinal control laws have been proposed. To control the speed of vehicles on the highway and in city traffic, vehicle longitudinal control laws have been proposed. In order to control the nonlinear systems, the sliding mode method which is a robust control method has been used for the design controller. The controller consists of two algorithms as speed control and distance control that their duty is done with the force generation to move the vehicle and overcome the disturbances and uncertainties using tracing of it by car. Finally, to ensure the ability of control and efficiency under different conditions, the control rules are applied to the vehicle dynamics equation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Intelligent transportation systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Vehicle longitudinal control
  topic: keywords
subject: Cruise control
  topic: keywords
subject: Sliding mode
  topic: keywords
subject: Uncertainty
  topic: keywords
creator: Amir Tazkari
creator: Habib Ahmadi
creator: Kamran Foroutan
creator: Sina Karimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 113
ending page: 123
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.09

Profit-oriented High-speed Railway Network Line Planning with Capacity Limitations
type: item
description: Abstract: Line planning is the transportation service's fundamental, which directly affects the subsequent operation plans. It is better to focus on the operational profit when considering the market competition for transportation operation plans. This paper aims to maximize the operational profit when optimizing the high-speed railway network line plan by constructing a mixed integer nonlinear programming model. The model integrates line planning and passenger route choice behaviors. An adaptive simulated annealing algorithm with neighborhood search is applied based on a given line pool. A heuristic passenger assignment method is developed to ensure a high level of passenger satisfaction. The proposed model and algorithm are experimentally evaluated. The instance results show that the operational profit and capacity utilization can be significantly improved. Compared with the designed greedy heuristic algorithm, the proposed algorithm performs better in operational profit improvement and has high efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: High-speed railway
  topic: keywords
subject: Line planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Passenger assignment
  topic: keywords
subject: Simulated annealing
  topic: keywords
subject: Neighborhood search
  topic: keywords
creator: Di Liu
creator: Yongxiang Zhang
creator: Qiyuan Peng
creator: Wei Wei
creator: Haitao Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2023
date: 2025-10-02
publication date: 2025-10-02
starting page: 98
ending page: 112
doi: 10.31875/2409-9848.2023.10.8